Simmondsia chinensis

Accession Count: 170
Common Name: jojoba
    • Select which
      accessions to find:









































































































































































Family Name: Simmondsiaceae
Botanical Name: Simmondsia chinensis
Sub Species:
Variety:
Forma:
Cultivar:
Characteristics:
Simondsia chinensis is a woody, evergreen shrub that grows 1-2 meters tall and wide and produces a dense covering of leathery, gray-green oval to elliptical leaves (1). The branches are stiff and give the shrub rounded form (2). This plant has dioecious flowers; pale green, bell-shaped flowers on the female plant of this species are borne singly at the end of each leaf node. In contrast, the yellow-green flowers on the male plant are produced in clusters. When summer arrives, female Jojoba plants bear acorn-shaped and sized fruits (1). Jojoba is a dense, rounded, sometimes irregular shrub, with a height of four to six feet and a width of six feet. Female plants are larger and more deeply-rooted than male plants, which outnumber female plants in cultivation five to one (5).

Compound: Sim chi
Geographic Origin: Southwest Desert
Ecozone Origin: Nearctic
Biome Origin:
Natural History: S. chinensis naturally occurs in South and Central California, Mexico, Baja California and the Sonoran Desert. The leaves are browsed by large mammals, especially goats. The seeds are consumed by some small mammals and large birds. 
Cultivation Notes:
These tough plants thrive in well-drained soils with sand or amended with decomposed granite. Jojoba prefers full sun dry climates and can tolerate saline and nutrient-poor soils. Soil pH can be in a range between 5-9 (strongly acidic to very alkaline). This plant will do best in desert environments like its native Sonoran Desert in elevations from 900 and 4,000 feet above sea level (2). It is hardy to 15ºF. Water use by this species is none to monthly. 

Ethnobotany:
Fruits of the jojoba are single-seeded capsules and were used by the Seri people in coastal Sonora and the Tohono O’odham tribe. The name itself comes from the O’odham tribe, who recognized the use of Jojoba paste as a treatment for burns, and the oil for preservations of animals’ hides. Other native uses include oil for styling hair and tea made from the leaves that are said to relieve stomach problems and rheumatism. The raw fruits are considered distasteful and most people prefer instead to roast them for use as a coffee substitute. The seed contains an oil that is similar to sperm whale oil. It became commercially important after the ban on whale hunting in 1972. The oil, which is actually a liquid wax, has been used in industry for electrical insulation, phonograph records, and varnishes.


Height: 6 - 10 feet
Width: 6 - 10 feet
Growth Rate: Slow Growing
Grow Season: Winter
Flower Season: Spring
Color: Yellow
Function: Habitat
Spread: Non-spreading
Allergen: Allergenic
Invasive: Benign
Toxicity: Benign
Hardy: Hardy
Water Use: Low water Use

Citations:
2. Calscape. org
4. Duffield, Mary Rose., and Warren D. Jones. Plants For Dry Climates - How To Select, Grow And Enjoy. Lane Publishing Company, 1992.
5. Othman Al‐Dossary, Bader Alsubaie, Ardashir Kharabian‐Masouleh, Ibrahim Al‐Mssallem, Agnelo Furtado, Robert J. Henry. The jojoba genome reveals wide divergence of the sex chromosomes in a dioecious plant. The Plant Journal, 2021; DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15509
Alert

Simmondsia chinensis