Common Name:
Chihuahuan orchid tree
Family Name:
Fabaceae
Botanical Name:
Bauhinia macranthera
Sub Species:
Variety:
Forma:
Cultivar:
Characteristics:
The Sierra orchid tree (Bauhinia macranthera) is a small to medium-sized semi-evergreen tree, typically reaching heights of 3–4.5 m (10–15 ft) and widths of 2.5–4.5 m (8–15 ft) (1). The tree has an elegant, rounded canopy, adorned with large, 2-lobed leaves that are bright green and nearly evergreen in regions with mild winters (4). The tree blooms profusely from late spring through early summer, with clusters of showy, orchid-like pink flowers that are 2–3 inches (5–7.5 cm) in diameter (3, 4). These flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies (2, 4). Following the blooming period, the plant produces small seed pods that contain viable seeds providing that a second specimen is present as the species requires two plants of different genders for pollination (1).
Compound:
Bau mac
Geographic Origin:
Mexican Mountains
Ecozone Origin:
Nearctic
Biome Origin:
Natural History:
Bauhinia macranthera is native to the western Sierra Madre region in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, where it grows in semi-arid and rocky desert environments (1, 3). This tree is well adapted to the harsh desert climate of northeastern Mexico, thriving at elevations between 1,500 and 6,000 feet (457–1,828 m) (2). Despite its desert origins, the tree is not drought-tolerant in extreme conditions, requiring moderate water and care during dry periods (1). It has a moderately slow growth rate but is able to survive freezing temperatures down to about 4°F (-20°C) (1, 4). The Bauhinia genus, in the legume family (Fabaceae), contains over 350 species found across tropical and subtropical regions. The genus was named after the Swiss-French botanists Gaspard and Johann Bauhin (3). The species name macranthera refers to the tree's long, prominent anthers that are characteristic of its flowers (4).
Cultivation Notes:
The Sierra orchid tree is grown primarily for ornamental purposes, and it can be planted in USDA hardiness zones 8b to 11 (4). Growth is slow,but enhanced when well irrigated (5). It flourishes in areas with moderate water and well-draining soils, while preferring full sun or partial shade. Its growth is best when it receives at least 2–3 hours of direct sunlight per day, though it can tolerate full sun or the reflected heat from surrounding surfaces (2, 4). These trees do not require frequent pruning and maintain their graceful shape with minimal maintenance (4). The Sierra orchid tree thrives in full sun and performs well in a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and rocky soils (1). It is generally not self-fertile, necessitating the planting of at least two trees for seed production (1). This tree is hardy and resilient, surviving in temperatures as low as -9°C (15°F) after establishment, though young plants should be protected from frost (4, 5). While generally free of pests, branches are fragile and can be damaged with strong winds (4).
Ethnobotany:
While the Sierra orchid tree is primarily grown for ornamental purposes and its attractive flowers, little is known about its historical use in traditional or indigenous medicine. In ornamental landscaping, it provides beauty and shade, while also being a valued pollinator plant due to its vibrant flowers attracting bees and butterflies (2, 4). It is well suited as a patio tree where color, little mess/litter, and a tropical feel is desired (5). In terms of human uses, the tree’s wood may have applications in light construction or craftwork, although no specific ethnobotanical uses have been recorded (3).
Height:
11 - 15 feet
Width:
11 - 15 feet
Growth Rate:
Moderate Growing
Grow Season:
Spring
Flower Season:
Summer
Color:
Pink
Function:
Screen
Spread:
Non-spreading
Allergen:
Non-allergenic
Invasive:
Benign
Toxicity:
Benign
Hardy:
Hardy
Water Use:
Moderate Water Use
Citations:
- Plant Master, Retrieved February 12, 2025
- Water Use it
Wisely,
Retrieved March 1, 2025
- Spadefoot
Nursery,
Retrieved March 20, 2025
- Strange Wonderful Things, Retrieved March 21, 2025
- Desert Legume Program,
Retrieved May 12, 2025
