Caesalpinia mexicana

Accession Count: 56
Common Name: Mexican bird of paradise
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Family Name: Fabaceae
Botanical Name: Caesalpinia mexicana
Synonyms:
Family Synonyms: Leguminosae
Sub Species:
Variety:
Forma:
Cultivar:
Characteristics:

Mexican bird of paradise is an evergreen shrub or small tree with alternate, bipinnate dark green leaves. It rapidly grows to 10-15' high and wide where winter temperatures allow. The stems are brittle. The flowers are bright yellow, slightly fragrant, clustered spikes on branch tips. They bloom spring and summer, possibly into fall, depending on the local microclimate. The ripe fruit are tan seed pods that open explosively, scattering bean-like seeds. The roots contain nitrogen-fixing nodules, allowing it to grow in poor soil.


Compound: Cae mex
Geographic Origin: Mexico
Ecozone Origin: Nearctic
Biome Origin:
Natural History:
This plant is adapted to low rainfall climates typical of southern California through Texas and Mexico, and thrives in regions without freezes. The flowers attract bees, butterflies and other pollinating insects. Birds are attracted to the seeds. It is resistant to deer. 

Cultivation Notes:
The Mexican bird of paradise is suited for USDA hardiness zones 9-11. It should be located in full sun, in well drained soil that has a pH range of 5.6-7.8 (acidic to slightly alkaline). Once established, it should be deep watered at least once a month. Watering more often improves flowering. Avoid the use of a nitrogen fertilizer because this plant has nitrogen-fixing roots. It may re-sprout from its roots if frozen. In regions with freezing winter temperatures, cover the root area with organic mulch before freezes are expected. This plant responds poorly to pruning, so only prune lightly, if at all, to remove winter damage after the last frost. It litters the ground with seed pods and will also drop leaves in freezing weather.

Ethnobotany:

The Mexican bird of paradise is grown as an ornamental. In Hawaii the flowers are used in the making of leis. The seeds are poisonous. This plant is toxic if ingested by cats, rabbits or dogs.



Height: 11 - 15 feet
Width: 6 - 10 feet
Growth Rate: Fast Growing
Grow Season: Summer
Flower Season: Spring
Color: Orange
Function: Screen
Spread: Spreading
Allergen: Non-allergenic
Invasive: Invasive
Toxicity: Toxic
Hardy: Hardy
Water Use: Low water Use

Citations:
  1. Walters, James E, and Balbir Backhaus. Shade and Color with Water-Conserving Plants. Timber Press, 1992.
  2. www.public.asu.edu
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Caesalpinia mexicana