Passiflora arizonica

Accession Count: 0
Common Name: Arizona passionflower
Family Name: Passifloraceae
Botanical Name: Passiflora arizonica
Synonyms:
Botanical Synonyms: Passiflora foetida var. arizonica
Sub Species:
Variety:
Forma:
Cultivar:
Characteristics:
A perennial climbing vine, herbaceous initially but becoming woody with age, with green to red stems covered in tiny hairs, having hairy coiling tendrils, and growing to 10' long (1, 3.) The flowers are 2" wide, with ten white tepals (five sepals appearing to be petals alternating with five petals), the sepals opening first (see picture) (2.) Above the tepals are numerous fleshy filaments, showing colored bands of pale blue or purple, white, and purple from outside in, topped by five pale yellow stamens beneath three white stigma (1, 3.) The aromatic flowers open late afternoon for the night, and close after pollination (3,) but remain open the next morning if not pollinated. The fruit are round to oval, 1" in diameter, poisonous when green, becoming yellow to red and falling off the vine when ripe, containing a small amount of edible gelatinous pulp with black seeds (2.) The flowers and fruit are surrounded with filamentous, finely divided, green to red bracts with glands producing a sticky fluid which contains digestive enzymes. The bracts could be evolving to insect carnivory like the sundew (2.) The leaves are green, hairy, with irregularly saw-toothed margins, deeply lobed palmate, with most commonly 3 to 5 lobes but sometimes 7, the middle lobe wider at top and thinner at the base, and foul smelling if bruised (3.) All parts of the plant are poisonous, containing cyanide, except ripe fruit.

Compound: Pas ari
Geographic Origin: Arizona, Mexico
Ecozone Origin:
Biome Origin:
Natural History: This rare plant grows in the Sonoran desert of northern Mexico and southern Arizona. Its flowers bloom fragrantly at night, summer or fall, but last only one night (3). While it appears to have evolved to attract moths, bees will take advantage if the flowers open early due to cloudy skies in late afternoon (see picture of bee photobombing partially open flower). 
Cultivation Notes:
This plant grows best in full sun with part afternoon shade. It should receive water corresponding to rainfall in warm seasons, at least once a week when fruiting. It is tolerant of soil types but performs better with a slight amount of organic material in soil that is neutral to slightly alkaline. It will die to the ground in hard freezes and regrow from its roots in the spring. Seeds planted in the ground may take more than one year of freeze/heat and wet/dry cycles to germinate. This is a short-lived perennial, lasting only 5-7 years and will need periodic replacement.
Ethnobotany:
The fruit are edible when ripe but there is little pulp to consume (2). This plant is primarily grown as an ornamental curiosity. One reason to observe this plant is to see if small insects such as gnats are attracted to, and become stuck upon, the bract tendrils at the base of the flowers and surrounding the fruit. This might show evidence of developing plant carnivory, and is most likely to happen in poor soil without organic content.

Height: 6 - 10 feet
Width: 6 - 10 feet
Growth Rate: Moderate Growing
Grow Season: Summer
Flower Season: Fall
Color: Purple
Function: Accent
Spread: Spreading
Allergen: Non-allergenic
Invasive: Benign
Toxicity: Toxic
Hardy: Semi-hardy
Water Use: Low water Use

Citations:
1. SEINnet
2. Firefly Forest
3. Goldman, Douglas H. “TWO SPECIES OF PASSIFLORA (PASSIFLORACEAE) IN THE SONORAN DESERT AND VICINITY: A NEW TAXONOMIC COMBINATION AND AN INTRODUCED SPECIES IN ARIZONA.” Madroño, vol. 50, no. 4, California Botanical Society, 2003, pp. 243–64, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41426318

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Passiflora arizonica