Ehretia anacua

Accession Count: 5
Common Name: sandpaper tree
Family Name: Boraginaceae
Botanical Name: Ehretia anacua
Synonyms:
Botanical Synonyms: Ehretia ciliata Miers, Ehretia elliptica DC., Ehretia exasperata Miers, Ehretia lancifolia Sessé & Moc., Ehretia scabra Kunth & Bouché, Gaza anacua Terán & Berland.
Sub Species:
Variety:
Forma:
Cultivar:
Characteristics:
Compound: Ehr ana
Geographic Origin: Texas/Northeast Mexico
Ecozone Origin: Palearctic
Biome Origin:
Natural History: The Ehretia anacua was first sighted by Martín Sessé in Mexico somewhere between the years 1787-1803 (1). It is unknown exactly where the Ehretia Anacua originated however it is debated that the origin was either from Southern Texas or Northern Mexico (2).  The first discovery of the plant by someone in the United States was not until 1846 by Mr. Wislizenus which was found in the lower region of Texas (1). The Ehretia anacua got its name from the Mexican word Anacahuite which was derived from the Aztec word āmatl which means “paper” (3).  The plants common name “sandpaper tree” was then coined from this Aztec word. 
Cultivation Notes:

The Ehretia anacua inherently lives in areas where there are thickets, woodlands, gulf prairies, and marshes (4).  The plant favors alkaline soils however it can occasionally survive in areas with clay and acidic sands (5).  As a seedling the sandpaper tree requires a relatively large amount of water, although shortly after the germination period the plant becomes very tolerant to little amounts of water including droughts (4).  Very few problems can occur regarding limited water, however if there is too much water and the soil isn’t able to drain, then the plant has the possibility of dying. If the plant starts to grow during the spring it is best to keep it away from the morning sun due to frost-tender however a majority of the time the sandpaper plant requires full sunlight (6).     

The propagation of Ehretia anacua is fairly simple; it can be grown from seeds, cuttings, suckers, or transplants (4).  The most successful germination rates come from seed stratification that has been in moist soil for thirty days at forty one degrees Fahrenheit (4).   If one were to plant anacua seeds they would want to gather these seeds during late summer when the fruit of the plant has turned to a beautiful orange color (4). 


Ethnobotany: The Ehretia anacua plant is used for a variety of both animal and human needs. The plant hosts insects such as the Coptocycla texana also known as the Anacua Tortoise Beetle (4).  These beetles thrive off of the plant for living, reproducing, and eating (4). Other insects such as honey bees are attracted to the Sandpaper tree plan for its blossoms (4). When the plant produces its seasonal fruit it attracts birds and other mammals which feed off of these sweet orange treats (6). Humans also gain use from the plant by producing jellies from the fruit harvest (4). Additionally, some people use these trees as ornamental figures in their yards which can be attractive because of their vibrant white flowers and sweet aroma (4). 

Height: 20 - 50 feet
Width: 20 - 50 feet
Growth Rate: Moderate Growing
Grow Season: Spring
Flower Season: Spring
Color: White
Function: Patio
Spread: Spreading
Allergen: Non-allergenic
Invasive: Invasive
Toxicity: Benign
Hardy: Hardy
Water Use: Low water Use
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Ehretia anacua